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Unionization is having a moment. Employees at Amazon, Starbucks and Apple have all held successful union drives. But forming a union and negotiating a contract are not the same thing. In a 2008 study, Desautels Prof. John-Paul Ferguson found that union election victories resulted in first contracts only 56.3 per cent of the time. 鈥淚t鈥檚 even harder now,鈥� says Ferguson. 鈥淓mployers are treating the union鈥檚 success in a National Labor Relations Board election as just as another setback.鈥� Companies appear to believe they will be able repeal it by refusing to negotiate a contract.